Blockchain - have we missed the boat? by Raivo Ruusalepp - EuropeanaTech Conference 2018
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EuropeanaTech Conference 15 & 16 May 2018, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Blockchain - have we missed the boat? by Raivo Ruusalepp - EuropeanaTech Conference 2018
- 1. Blockchain - have we missed the boat? Raivo Ruusalepp National Library of Estonia 16.05.2018 www.nlib.ee
- 2. Every new technology is a form of utopia 2
- 3. A what? Blockchain is a type of distributed ledger technology in which validated sets of transaction records are grouped into blocks, which are then chained together cryptographically, computationally validated and broadcast throughout a peer- to-peer mesh network. Arvind Narayanan, Joseph Bonneau, Edward Felton, Andrew Miller, Steven Goldfede, Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies, Princeton University Press, 2016 Blockchain relies on established cryptographic techniques to allow each participant in a network to interact (e.g. store, exchange, and view information), without preexisting trust between the parties. 3
- 6. Which flavour? • Bitcoin – www.bitcoin.org • Ethereum – www.ethereum.org • Public • Commercial • Private 6
- 7. What for? Cut out the middle man • FinTech – cryptocurrencies, money transfer, securities trading, crowdfunding Smart contracts • e-Health – Patient records (e.g. Estonia) • Recordkeeping – e-Notaries – Land registries (e.g., Georgia, Sweden, Honduras) Trust tracking • Intellectual property rights tracing (e.g. Mycelia, Ujomusic) Encryption services • Data security 7
- 8. Blockchain and cultural heritage • InterPARES Trust: Trust and Digital Records in an Increasingly Networked Society (iTRUST) (2013-2019) http://interparestrust.org Model for Preservation of Trustworthiness of the Digitally Signed, Timestamped and/or Sealed Digital Records (TRUSTER Preservation Model) – investigating the possibilities of using linking based timestamping and blockchain technology for long-term preservation of digitally signed records 8
- 9. Blockchain and cultural heritage • Digital preservation services – ARCHANGEL - Trusted Archives of Digital Public Records • Timestamping – on-line content (http://originstamp.org/) – IPR and digital art (www.ascribe.io) • Interlibrary loan – LibChain 9
- 10. Blockchain and cultural heritage Cryptocurrency based solutions: • Cultural Places - cultural user journey combining location based information, ticketing, crowdfunding, map & routing and trip planning (https://www.culturalplaces.com/) • ICOs for: – Archaeological finds (Kapu coin), IPR (Creative Chain’s Crea; WhoLoDance), digital preservation (Witcoin) 10
- 11. Lessons learned • Not necessarily a better technology to replace our existing solutions: – Scalability issues • Cost of writing a block is fluctuating – Technology issues • Speed of writing a block can be slow – Organisational issues • Risks of the distributed model have not been fully explored yet • Need to start from the business case before selecting blockchain type 11
- 12. Opportunities • Blockchain technology is maturing and has begun to deliver business benefits • Cultural heritage community needs to get engaged and start playing with this technology now – Contribute and influence the direction where the platforms are going • This needs to be a collaborative effort since a single institution has little to benefit from it – Tracing provenance – Authenticity – Identification • We have not missed the boat. Yet! 12
Editor's Notes
- Blockchain isn't a single technology. Rather it's an architecture that allows disparate users to make transactions and then creates an unchangeable, secure record of those transactions. This architecture and mode of operation offers immutability and transparency of transaction records, which solves an important problem: the problem of trust.
- A secure database that can be made public where altering a copy of the database has no effect and transactions can only be appended, never deleted or appended
- Ethereum blockchain can be alternately described as a blockchain with a built-in programming language, or as a consensus-based globally executed virtual machine.
- TrustChain implementing the blockchain principles in a number of participating archival institutions can be used to confirm integrity of a record confirm that a record was existing or created at a certain point in time (i.e. not after it was timestamped and registered in the blockchain) confirm sequence of records support/enhance non-repudiation of a record improve the validation possibilities of digitally signed records during the long-term preservation